| Amador
Flôres da Silva, born
São
Lucas founded/Belém
Ambrósio
Fernandes Brandão made first attempt to define or interpret
Brazil in Dialogues of the Greatness of Brazil
Simão
Cavalcanti, born
Dutch
West India Company formed. The 1626-1637 dividends would average
between 20 to 50 percent per annum
Creation
of the State of Maranhão, after French expelled. (State
of Brazil in the south)
Belém
had 80 settlers and 50 soldiers
Pedro
Cavalcanti, born
Initial
capture of Bahia (Salvador) by the Dutch — retaken in
1625 by Luso-Brazilians. (Two more attacks repulsed in 1627)
By
now there were 230 sugar mills scattered around the country
Franciscan
Friar Vicente do Salvador writes first history of Brazil
Penetration
of lower Amazon valley began
Piet
Heyn, commanding the Dutch West India company fleet captures
entire homeward bound Mexican flota off Havana, without
a shot. This ruined Spanish credit in Europe and yielded a
50 percent dividend to Dutch West India Company shareholders
and helped finance a vigorous Dutch trade offensive in Brazil
Bernado
and Amador da Silva on Bandeira to Guaira region
with 69 Paulistas, 900 mamelucos, 2,000 Indians - 7,000 captives
- Bernado dies
Bandeirante
attacks on missions increase because of the interruption
of African slave trade. Major slave raids till 1648; attacks
east of Asunción and up São Francisco valley,
later into interior
Dutch
capture Recife, Pernambuco and begin conquest of northeast
Brazil
Count
Maurice of Nassau-Siegen (1604-1679), prince of the House
of Orange, perhaps the ablest man in Holland at the time appointed
governor
First
ascent of Amazon led by Pedro Teixiera of Belém, notorious
Indian hunter; reversed route of Orellano (1539) and established
Portugal's claim to the Amazon basin. 40 large canoes, 70
soldiers, some priests, 1,200 Indians. Founded Tabatinga,
farthest westward claim of Portugal. Return trip took from
February to December 1639
Pope
Urban VIII's severest censures of Church against anyone who
enslaved Indians. Riots in Brazil in response.
By
1641, most of the reductions east of the Uruguay River and
in Mato Grosso had been decimated by slave hunters from São
Paulo. Jesuits forced to withdraw into area now known as the
Missiones. After repeated appeals to the Crown, the missionaries
were allowed to arm and train their charges who defeated the
Bandeirantes in a major fight near Mborore River in 1641.
(In 1648, reopening of slave trade reduced reduction raids.)
Amador
and Paulista contingent start guerilla operations
against Dutch in Pernambuco
By
now the Dutch had expanded their conquest until they controlled
nearly 1,000 miles of coast from the mouth of the Amazon to
the São Francisco River
Amador
da Silva marries Varzea Pinto
Count
Maurice of Nassau resigns. His policies left a permanent mark
on northern Brazil. Some of the Dutch remained to found families
like Wanderley, Rollenberg and Lins. Recife had grown from
a village of 150 houses to a bustling port with 2,000 buildings.
Alvares
Cavalcanti executed; Simão and Pedro exiled to Angola;
Henrietta and girls flee to Bahia
Guerilla
war had been waged, in one form or another, for fifteen years
but Luso-Brazilians now revolt in earnest against the Dutch.
(By 1648, Dutch control reduced to Recife and the area surrounding
it.)
Monarch
elevated Brazil to status of a principality, and thereafter
heir to the throne known as Prince of Brazil
Pedro
Cavalcanti dies in exile in Angola
First
Battle of Guarapes; Brazilian-born whites, blacks, mulattoes
and Indians defeat Dutch. Amador with Paulista
contingent (April 19)
Second
Battle of Guarapes (February 19.)Dutch defeated. Campaign
also extended to Angola, where Dutch had gained a foothold,
Salvador Correa de Sa e Benavides, Governor of Rio and Capt-General
of Angola, sailed from Guanabara Bay with 2,000 men and recaptured
Luanda.
Amador
on Bandeira with Raposo Tavares, 6,000 miles from
São Paulo to Belém via Madeira and Amazon
Olimpio
da Silva, born
Simão
Cavalcanti marries Maria Escobar
Outbreak
of war between the Netherlands and England seals fate of the
Dutch in South America. Portuguese fleet blockades Recife
and isolates the demoralized Dutch garrison
Trajano
da Silva, born
Fr.
Antonio Viera's famous sermon on Indian slavery in Maranhão,
1st Sunday in Lent
Simão
Cavalcanti marries Leonor da Casal (wife 2)
Fernão
Cavalcanti, born
Dutch
expelled from Brazil. January 26, (Capitulation of Tarboda,)
renouncing all claim to possessions in northeast Brazil. Receive
four million cruzados from the Portuguese. (Note: 1664 Dutch
ousted from New Amsterdam/New York.)
Domitila
Cavalcanti, born
First
permanent settlement in Santa Catarina is founded at São
Francisco do Sul
Two
governors of Angola were Brazilians: João Fernandes
Viera and André Vidal de Negreiros. Angola was during
the 17th and 18th century a province of Brazil. (historian
Jaime Cortesão)
Manaus
started as a fortress from which sloops (montarias) conveyed
cacao, cotton, and turtle oil for street and house lamps to
Belém. (date also given as 1669)
England
acquires Bombay from Portugal
Minas
Gerais first explored by Fernando Dias Paes Leme, though he
was not the first European to penetrate it.
King
grants permission for first convent in Brazil. (Second not
till 70 years later.)
Arosha
da Silva, dies
Sugar
industry entered decline due to competition from English,
French and Dutch in West Indies (1650-1715, Brazil's income
from sugar down by two-thirds.)
Guerens
Indians kill distinguished citizen of Bahia. Paulistas under
João Amaro sent to pacify São Francisco Valley
clans
Fort
São Jose de Rio Negro built at junction of Negro/Solimoes
to become first populated center in Amazon interior
Olimpio
da Silva marries Felicidade Bueno
Henrietta
Cavalcanti, dies
Paulista
known as "The Old Devil" penetrated to one of the affluents
of Araguaya River; he cut off the ears of Indian women for
the gold nuggets they wore.
Paulista
Estévão Ribeiro Parente, at request of governor-general
of Bahia took 400 bandeirantes into interior to fight the
Indians. Two year "just war" enslaved thousands. Rewarded
with sesmarias (plantation.)
Amador,
Olimpio, Trajano set out on prospecting Bandeira
Sugar
plantations face ruin in competition with West Indies
Bandeira
of Fernão Dias Paes Leme, "The Emerald Hunter," lasted
for eight years, failed but marked transition from age of
bandeiras to that of gold. (=basis for Amador da Silva's
story.)
Archbishopric
of Brazil created with Salvador as metropolitan see (to remain
religious capital of Brazil until 1907.) Two new bishoprics,
Rio and Pernambuco, created at same time
Florianopilis
founded/gold search
Amador
executes his son, Olimpio
Colonia
do Sacramento is founded by the Portuguese across the estuary
from Buenos Aires, beginning a century and a half of armed
rivalry for control of Uruguay and access to the River Plate
(ending in 1828, when "Uruguay" emerged.)
Amador
da Silva, dies |